2000 years Before Christ, in India and Mesopotamia
go for trade was an important feature since the beginning of civilisation. The port at Lothal was an renowned centre of trade between the Indus valley civilisation and the Sumerian civilisation.
600 BC and thereafter
The earliest accept of leisure tourism can be traced as far benefit as the Babylonian and Egyptian empires. A museum of historic antiquities was originate to the public in Babylon. The Egyptians held many religious festivals that attracted the devout and many people who thronged to cities to ogle famous works of arts and buildings.
In India, as elsewhere, kings travelled for empire building. The Brahmins and the common people travelled for religious purposes. Thousands of Brahmins and the popular folk thronged Sarnath and Sravasti to be greeted by the inscrutable smile of the Enlightened One- the Buddha.
500 BC, the Greek civilisation
The Greek tourists travelled to sites of healing gods. The Greeks also enjoyed their religious festivals that increasingly became a pursuit of pleasure, and in particular, sport. Athens had become an necessary dwelling for travellers visiting the major sights such as the Parthenon. Inns were established in broad towns and seaports to provide for travellers’ needs. Courtesans were the indispensable entertainment offered.
This era also saw the birth of fade writing. Herodotus was the worlds’ first travel writer. Guidebooks also made their appearance in the fourth century covering destinations such as Athens, Sparta and Troy. Advertisements in the method of signs directing people to inns are also known in this period.
The Roman Empire
With no foreign borders between England and Syria, and with beautiful seas from piracy due to Roman patrols, the conditions favouring travel had arrived. First class roads coupled with staging inns (precursors of novel motels) promoted the growth of proceed. Romans travelled to Sicily, Greece, Rhodes, Troy and Egypt. From 300 AD depart to the Holy Land also became very famed. The Romans introduced their guidebooks (itineraria), listing hotels with symbols to identify quality.
Second homes were built by the rich near Rome, occupied primarily during springtime social season. The most fashionable resorts were found around Bay of Naples. Naples attracted the retired and the intellectuals, Cumae attracted the fashionable while Baiae attracted the down market tourist, becoming renowned for its rowdiness, drunkenness and all- night singing.
depart and Tourism were to never do a similar region until the modern times.
In the Middle Ages
proceed became difficult and dangerous as people travelled for business or for a sense of obligation and duty.
Adventurers sought fame and fortune through travel. The Europeans tried to concept a sea route to India for trade purposes and in this fashion discovered America and explored parts of Africa. Strolling players and minstrels made their living by performing as they travelled. Missionaries, saints, etc. travelled to spread the sacred word.
Leisure recede in India was introduced by the Mughals. The Mughal kings built luxurious palaces and though-provoking gardens at places of natural and scenic beauty (for example Jehangir travelled to Kashmir drawn by its beauty.
depart for empire building and pilgrimage was a regular feature.
The tremendous Tour
From the early seventeenth century, a original form of tourism was developed as a scream outcome of the Renaissance. Under the reign of Elizabeth 1, young men seeking positions at court were encouraged to go to continent to carry out their education. Later, it became broken-down for education of gentleman to be completed by a ‘Grand Tour’ accompanied by a tutor and lasting for three or more years. While ostensibly educational, the pleasure seeking men travelled to bask in life and culture of Paris, Venice or Florence. By the extinguish of eighteenth century, the custom had become institutionalised in the gentry. Gradually pleasure go displaced educational go. The advent of Napoleonic wars inhibited depart for around 30 years and led to the decline of the custom of the large Tour.
The development of the spas
The spas grew in popularity in the seventeenth century in Britain and a little later in the European Continent as awareness about the therapeutic qualities of mineral water increased. Taking the cure in the spa rapid acquired the nature of a spot symbol. The resorts changed in character as pleasure became the motivation of visits. They became an famous centre of social life for the high society.
In the nineteenth century they were gradually replaced by the seaside resort.
The sun, sand and sea resorts
The sea water became associated with health benefits. The earliest visitors therefore drank it and did not bathe in it. By the early eighteenth century, runt fishing resorts sprung up in England for visitors who drank and immersed themselves in sea water. With the overcrowding of inland spas, the fresh sea side resorts grew in popularity. The introduction of steamboat services in 19th century introduced more resorts in the circuit. The seaside resort gradually became a social meeting point
Role of the industrial revolution in promoting go in the west
The speedily urbanisation due to industrialisation led to mass immigration in cities. These people were lured into recede to urge their environment to places of natural beauty, often to the countryside they had advance from change of routine from a physically and psychologically stressful jobs to a gradual stagger in countryside.
Highlights of proceed in the nineteenth century
· Advent of railway initially catalysed business fade and later leisure depart. Gradually special trains were chartered to only steal leisure recede to their destinations.
· Package tours organised by entrepreneurs such as Thomas Cook.
· The European countries indulged in a lot of business depart often to their colonies to remove raw material and sell finished goods.
· The invention of photography acted as a status-enhancing tool and promoted overseas travel.
· The formation of first hotel chains; pioneered by the railway companies who established astronomical railway terminus hotels.
· Seaside resorts began to construct different images as for day-trippers, elite, for gambling.
· Other types of destinations-ski resorts, hill stations, mountaineering spots etc.
· The technological development in steamships promoted go between North America and Europe.
· The Suez Canal opened picture sea routes to India and the Far East.
· The cult of the guidebook followed the development of photography.
Tourism in the Twentieth Century
The First World War gave first hand experience of countries and furious a sense of curiosity about international fade among less well off sector for the first time. The spacious scale of migration to the US meant a lot of go across the Atlantic. Private motoring began to relieve domestic proceed in Europe and the west. The sea side resort became annual family holiday destination in Britain and increased in popularity in other countries of the west. Hotels proliferated in these destinations.
The birth of air recede and after
The wars increased interest in international disappear. This interest was given the shape of mass tourism by the aviation industry. The surplus of aircrafts and growth of private airlines aided the expansion of air go. The aircraft had become comfortable, faster and steadily cheaper for overseas go. With the introduction of Boeing 707 jet in 1958, the age of air proceed for the masses had arrived. The beginning of chartered flights boosted the package tour market and led to the establishment of organised mass tourism. The Boeing 747, a 400 seat craft, brought the cost of go down sharply. The seaside resorts in the Mediterranean, North Africa and the Caribbean were the initial hot spots of mass tourism.
A corresponding growth in hotel industry led to the establishment of world-wide chains. Tourism also began to diversify as people began to flock alternative destinations in the 70s. Nepal and India received a throng of tourists lured by Hare Krishna movement and transcendental meditation. The beginning of individual travel in a famed volume only occurred in the 80s. Air depart also led to a continuous growth in business move especially with the emergence of the MNCs.